Clubfeet

Clubfeet is a birth defect in which a baby’s foot is pointed inwards and downwards. The condition occurs due to shortened tendons, which connect muscles to bones, pulling the foot out of position. Also known as congenital talipes equinovarus (TAL-ih-peez e-kwie-no-VAY-rus), it affects approximately 1 in 1,000 babies, and most affected children do not have other medical conditions.

Symptoms:

• The top of the foot is pointed in and down, raising the arch and turning the heel inward.
• The foot may be turned so severely that it appears upside down.
• The foot or big toe may be slightly shorter than the other foot.
• The calf muscles in the leg with clubfoot are usually smaller.
• At birth, the condition doesn’t cause pain or discomfort.

When to Seek Medical Attention: A pediatric orthopedic surgeon will likely diagnose clubfoot soon after birth. If the condition is suspected, an appointment with a specialist will be necessary.

Causes and Risk Factors: While the exact cause of clubfoot is unknown, genetics and environmental factors may contribute. Risk factors include:

• Family History: If a close family member has clubfoot, the likelihood increases.
• Associated Conditions: Sometimes clubfoot occurs with other skeletal conditions, such as spina bifida or chromosome-related conditions.
• Environmental Factors: Smoking during pregnancy raises the risk of clubfoot.
• Amniotic Fluid Levels: Low amniotic fluid can contribute to the condition.

Complications: While clubfoot does not cause issues at birth, problems can arise as the child begins to stand and walk:

• Movement: The foot may be stiff and not bend easily.
• Leg Length: The leg with clubfoot may be slightly shorter, but this usually doesn't hinder walking.
• Shoe Size: The affected foot may be up to 1.5 sizes smaller than the other foot.
• Calf Size: The calf muscles on the affected side may remain smaller.
• Foot Shape: The foot may retain a bean-like shape or a slight inward point even after treatment.

If untreated, clubfoot can lead to more severe complications:

• Walking Problems: Children may walk on the side or top of the foot, leading to sores, calluses, and difficulty finding shoes.
• Delayed Treatment: If treatment is delayed, more casts or even surgery may be necessary, and results may be less effective.
• Arthritis: Swelling and tenderness may occur in joints.
• Body Image Concerns: The unusual foot appearance may affect self-esteem, especially in adolescence.

Prevention: Since the exact cause of clubfoot is unknown, there's no guaranteed way to prevent it. However, certain steps can help ensure a healthy pregnancy:

• Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke.
• Avoid alcohol consumption.
• Do not use illegal drugs or unapproved medications.