Semen Analysis

What is Semen Analysis?

Semen Analysis is a fundamental test used to evaluate male fertility by measuring the quantity and quality of sperm in a semen sample. It is often the first step in assessing male reproductive health in cases of infertility.

This analysis includes three main parameters:

• Sperm Concentration (Count): The number of sperm per milliliter of semen.
• Sperm Motility: The ability of sperm to move efficiently, which is essential for reaching and fertilizing the egg.
• Sperm Morphology: The shape and structure of sperm, which can impact its ability to fertilize an egg.

Why Is Semen Analysis Important?

• Helps identify male factor infertility, which contributes to nearly 40–50% of infertility cases.
• Determines if advanced fertility treatments like IVF or ICSI are required.
• Assists in planning natural conception or assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

Standardization and Accuracy

Semen analysis methods have been standardized globally through the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines to ensure accuracy and allow comparison across labs. This helps maintain consistency in results and reference ranges.

Limitations of Semen Analysis

While semen analysis provides valuable information about sperm quality, it does not fully predict the sperm's ability to fertilize an egg. Factors such as:

• Interaction with the female reproductive tract,
• Acrosome reaction,
• Hyperactivation,
• And oocyte health also play crucial roles in fertilization success.

New and Advanced Tests

Emerging tests go beyond basic analysis to evaluate sperm DNA integrity, oxidative stress, and sperm function under in-vitro conditions. These are useful in selecting the most effective assisted reproductive method.